Establishing perennial food plots is one of the most effective and sustainable strategies for attracting and nourishing whitetail deer year after year.

Unlike annual crops that require replanting each season, using perennial food plot seed offers consistent forage with minimal maintenance, making them a cornerstone of effective deer management.

Why Choose Perennial Food Plots?

Perennial food plot seed provide several advantages over annuals:

  • Longevity: Once established, perennials can last 3–5 years or more, reducing the need for annual replanting.
  • Cost-Effectiveness: Lower establishment and maintenance costs over time.
  • Soil Health: Many perennials, such as clover and alfalfa, are nitrogen-fixing, improving soil fertility naturally.
  • Deer Appeal: Deer are highly attracted to perennials, especially during critical periods like late summer and early fall.

Top Perennial Forages for Deer

1. Clover (Ladino, Red, White)

  • Benefits: High in protein, palatable to deer, and excellent for soil health.
  • Best Use: Ideal for spring and summer forage.
  • Maintenance: Requires periodic mowing to maintain palatability and suppress weeds.

2. Alfalfa

  • Benefits: High-protein content, attractive to deer, and drought-tolerant.
  • Considerations: Needs well-drained soil and may require pest management.
  • Best Use: Effective in areas with sufficient sunlight and proper soil conditions.

3. Chicory

  • Benefits: Deep-rooted, drought-resistant, and highly nutritious.
  • Best Use: Complementary to clover in mixed plots.
  • Considerations: Whitetail Deer may take time to become accustomed to chicory.

4. Alfalfa + Clover Blends

  • Benefits: Combines the high-protein content of alfalfa with the palatability of clover.
  • Best Use: Provides diverse forage throughout the growing season.
  • Considerations: Requires careful management of soil pH and fertility.

Establishing a Successful Perennial Plot

Step 1: Site Selection

  • Sunlight: Choose areas receiving at least 5–6 hours of sunlight daily.
  • Soil Drainage: Ensure the site has well-drained soil to prevent root rot.
  • Protection: Select locations away from heavy deer traffic during establishment to allow seedlings to mature.

Step 2: Soil Preparation

  • Soil Testing: Conduct a soil test to determine pH and nutrient levels.
  • Amendments: Apply lime to adjust pH to 6.5–7.0 and incorporate recommended fertilizers.
  • Tillage: Prepare a firm, smooth seedbed to ensure good seed-to-soil contact.

Step 3: Seeding

  • Timing: Plant in early spring or late summer, depending on local climate.
  • Method: Use a broadcast spreader or drill to sow seeds evenly.
  • Depth: Plant seeds at the recommended depth, typically ¼ to ½ inch.

Step 4: Maintenance

  • Mowing: Mow plots 2–3 times per growing season to promote healthy growth and reduce weed competition.
  • Fertilization: Apply fertilizer based on soil test results to maintain nutrient levels.
  • Weed Control: Use selective herbicides or manual removal to manage invasive species.

Seasonal Management Tips

  • Spring: Monitor for frost and adjust planting schedules accordingly.
  • Summer: Keep plots well-watered during dry periods; mow to prevent overgrowth.
  • Fall: Assess forage availability and consider supplemental feeding if necessary.
  • Winter: Protect plots from heavy browsing by deer; consider fencing if needed.

Regional Considerations

Adapt your perennial food plot strategy based on regional climate and soil conditions:

  • Northern Climates: Focus on cold-tolerant species like clover and alfalfa.
  • Southern Climates: Incorporate drought-resistant species such as chicory and certain clover varieties.

Tools and Resources

  • Soil Test Kits: Essential for determining soil health and nutrient needs.
  • Broadcast Spreaders: Ensure even seed distribution.
  • Mowers and Tractors: Facilitate maintenance tasks.
  • Local Agricultural Extensions: Provide region-specific advice and resources.